Wednesday, May 28, 2014

EDUCATION USA NEWSLETTER #2

OMNI
EDUCATION USA NEWSLETTER #2, May 28, 2014
Compiled by Dick Bennett for a Culture of Peace, Justice, and Ecology.  (#1 July 7, 2011).


Newsletters
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jbennet@uark.edu
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See Newsletter #1 at end

Contents Education USA Newsletter #2
Henry Giroux’s Books on the Corporate, Military, Education Complex
College
Contingent Faculty
    Noam Chomsky, Destroying the University by Temps
    Chomsky, Academic Labor
     Karen Madison Recommends 3 Articles
     AAUP Position
Hearn, The Promotional University
Andrew Delbanco,   College: What It Was, and Should Be
Public Schools
Schneider, A Chronicle of Echoes, The Corporate Destruction of Public
     Education for Profit
Antush, “Ed Deform” and Standardized Testing in NYC
Doerr, Against Vouchers

Recent Related Newsletters
Contact Your District Superintendent and School Principals, Tell Them about Giroux and Others in these Newsletters.



HENRY GIROUX’S BOOKS    

GOOGLE SEARCH, MAY 28, 2014

·  Henry Giroux - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Giroux
Wikipedia
Henry Giroux (born September 18, 1943), is an American scholar and ... Seven of Giroux's books have been chosen as significant books of the year by the ...
‎Biography - ‎Theory - ‎Accomplishments - ‎Publications by Giroux

·  Amazon.com: Henry A. Giroux: Books, Biography, Blog ...

www.amazon.com/Henry-A.-Giroux/e/B001HD1SRS
Amazon.com
Results 1 - 12 of 42 - Visit Amazon.com's Henry A. Giroux Page and shop for allHenry A. Giroux ... On Critical Pedagogy (Critical Pedagogy Today) by Henry A.

·  Dr.Henry A. Giroux-Books - Henry Giroux

www.henryagiroux.com/books.htm
Paradigm (2010). 46. The Mouse that Roared: Disney and the End of Innocence, 2nd edition (co-authored with Grace Pollock) Rowman and Littlefield (2010).

·  Dr.Henry A. Giroux-Books

www.henryagiroux.com/
PIP. Henry Armand Giroux was born September 18, 1943, in Providence, Rhode Island, the son of Armand and Alice Giroux. Giroux received his Doctorate from ...

·  Segment: Henry Giroux on Zombie Politics - BillMoyers.com

billmoyers.com/segment/henry-giroux-on-zombie-politics/
Bill D. Moyers
Nov 22, 2013 - In his book, Zombie Politics and Culture in the Age of Casino Capitalism, author and scholar Henry Giroux connects the dots to prove his theory ...

·  Henry A Giroux - Truthout

truth-out.org/author/itemlist/user/44709
Truthout
Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at ... His most recent books include: On Critical Pedagogy (Continuum, 2011), ...

·  The Public Intellectual: Henry A. Giroux - Truthout

www.truth-out.org/public-intellectual-henry-giroux/1319668708
Truthout
Oct 26, 2011 - Henry A. Giroux: Neoliberalism, Democracy and the University as a Public Sphere ... By Henry A Giroux, Monthly Review Press | Book Excerpt .... His most recent books include: On Critical Pedagogy (Continuum, 2011), ...

·  Reading List on Henry Giroux - The Freechild Project

www.freechild.org/ReadingList/henry_giroux.htm
Selected Works About Young People Books by Henry Giroux. The University in Chains: Confronting the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex - Confronting the ...

·  infed.org | Henry A. Giroux: neo-liberalism's nemesis

infed.org/mobi/henry-a-giroux/
Infed.org
Henry A Giroux is well-known for his explorations of critical pedagogy, ... to his progressive views as expressed in his first two books Ideology, Culture and the ...

·  We Live in an Era of Zombie Politics: Bill Moyers Interviews ...

www.alternet.org/economy/do-we-live-era-zombie-politics
AlterNet
Nov 22, 2013 - In his book, Zombie Politics and Culture in the Age of Casino Capitalism, author and scholar Henry Giroux connects the dots to prove his theory ...


COLLEGE EDUCATION

CONTINGENT FACULTY (non-tenure, adjuncts, “temps”)

Noam Chomsky.   “How America's Great University System Is Getting Destroyed .”  AlterNet , Reader Supported News, March 1, 2014
Excerpt: "On hiring faculty off the tenure track: That's part of the business model. It's the same as hiring temps in industry or what they call 'associates' at Wal-Mart, employees that aren't owed benefits." 
READ MORE


ZCommunications sysop@zmag.org via uark.edu 



to James
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Hello,
In this mailing we include two recent articles from ZNet, but first a little news.
The transition to a new site is proceeding well. Shortly the old urls (www.zcommunications.org…) will work but for now please visithttp://zcomm.org/znet
If you are a Sustainer or a free member, the first time you log in you must use your email and say you forgot your password, and set a new one. Thereafter you can use your email and preferred password to log in. 
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. . .The second article is on academic labor by Noam Chomsky. It is excerpted from a public talk on the topic. 

On Academic Labor

By Noam Chomsky
The following is an edited transcript of remarks given by Noam Chomsky via Skype on 4 February 2014 to a gathering of members and allies of the Adjunct Faculty Association of the United Steelworkers in Pittsburgh, PA. Prof. Chomsky’s remarks were elicited by questions from Robin Clarke, Adam Davis, David Hoinski, Maria Somma, Robin J. Sowards, Matthew Ussia, and Joshua Zelesnick. The transcript was prepared by Robin J. Sowards and edited by Prof. Chomsky.

On hiring faculty off the tenure track
That’s part of the business model. It’s the same as hiring temps in industry or what they call “associates” at Wal-Mart, employees that aren’t owed benefits. It’s a part of a  corporate business model designed to reduce labor costs and to increase labor servility. When universities become corporatized, as has been happening quite systematically over the last generation as part of the general neoliberal assault on the population, their business model means that what matters is the bottom line. The effective owners are the trustees (or the legislature, in the case of state universities), and they want to keep costs down and make sure that labor is docile and obedient. The way to do that is, essentially, temps. Just as the hiring of temps has gone way up in the neoliberal period, you’re getting the same phenomenon in the universities. The idea is to divide society into two groups. One group is sometimes called the “plutonomy” (a term used by Citibank when they were advising their investors on where to invest their funds), the top sector of wealth, globally but concentrated mostly in places like the United States. The other group, the rest of the population, is a “precariat,” living a precarious existence.
This idea is sometimes made quite overt. So when Alan Greenspan wastestifying before Congress in 1997 on the marvels of the economy he was running, he said straight out that one of the bases for its economic success was imposing what he called “greater worker insecurity.” If workers are more insecure, that’s very “healthy” for the society, because if workers are insecure they won’t ask for wages, they won’t go on strike, they won’t call for benefits; they’ll serve the masters gladly and passively. And that’s optimal for corporations’ economic health. At the time, everyone regarded Greenspan’s comment as very reasonable, judging by the lack of reaction and the great acclaim he enjoyed. Well, transfer that to the universities: how do you ensure “greater worker insecurity”? Crucially, by not guaranteeing employment, by keeping people hanging on a limb than can be sawed off at any time, so that they’d better shut up, take tiny salaries, and do their work; and if they get the gift of being allowed to serve under miserable conditions for another year, they should welcome it and not ask for any more. That’s the way you keep societies efficient and healthy from the point of view of the corporations. And as universities move towards a corporate business model, precarity is exactly what is being imposed. And we’ll see more and more of it.
That’s one aspect, but there are other aspects which are also quite familiar from private industry, namely a large increase in layers of administration and bureaucracy. If you have to control people, you have to have an administrative force that does it. So in US industry even more than elsewhere, there’s layer after layer of management—a kind of economic waste, but useful for control and domination. And the same is true in universities. In the past 30 or 40 years, there’s been a very sharp increase in the proportion of administrators to faculty and students; faculty and students levels have stayed fairly level relative to one another, but the proportion of administrators have gone way up. There’s a very good book on it by a well-known sociologist, Benjamin Ginsberg, called The Fall of the Faculty: The Rise of the All-Administrative University and Why It Matters (Oxford University Press, 2011), which describes in detail the business style of massive administration and levels of administration—and of course, very highly-paid administrators. This includes professional administrators like deans, for example, who used to be faculty members who took off for a couple of years to serve in an administrative capacity and then go back to the faculty; now they’re mostly professionals, who then have to hire sub-deans, and secretaries, and so on and so forth, a whole proliferation of structure that goes along with administrators. All of that is another aspect of the business model.
But using cheap labor—and vulnerable labor—is a business practice that goes as far back as you can trace private enterprise, and unions emerged in response. In the universities, cheap, vulnerable labor means adjuncts and graduate students. Graduate students are even more vulnerable, for obvious reasons. The idea is to transfer instruction to precarious workers, which improves discipline and control but also enables the transfer of funds to other purposes apart from education. The costs, of course, are borne by the students and by the people who are being drawn into these vulnerable occupations. But it’s a standard feature of a business-run society to transfer costs to the people. In fact, economists tacitly cooperate in this. So, for example, suppose you find a mistake in your checking account and you call the bank to try to fix it. Well, you know what happens. You call them up, and you get a recorded message saying “We love you, here’s a menu.” Maybe the menu has what you’re looking for, maybe it doesn’t. If you happen to find the right option, you listen to some music, and every once and a while a voice comes in and says “Please stand by, we really appreciate your business,” and so on. Finally, after some period of time, you may get a human being, who you can ask a short question to. That’s what economists call “efficiency.” By economic measures, that system reduces labor costs to the bank; of course it imposes costs on you, and those costs are multiplied by the number of users, which can be enormous—but that’s not counted as a cost in economic calculation. And if you look over the way the society works, you find this everywhere. So the university imposes costs on students and on faculty who are not only untenured but are maintained on a path that guarantees that they will have no security. All of this is perfectly natural within corporate business models. It’s harmful to education, but education is not their goal.
In fact, if you look back farther, it goes even deeper than that. If you go back to the early 1970s when a lot of this began, there was a lot of concern pretty much across the political spectrum over the activism of the 1960s; it’s commonly called “the time of troubles.” It was a “time of troubles” because the country was getting civilized, and that’s dangerous. People were becoming politically engaged and were trying to gain rights for groups that are called “special interests,” like women, working people, farmers, the young, the old, and so on. That led to a serious backlash, which was pretty overt. At the liberal end of the spectrum, there’s a book called The Crisis of Democracy: Report on the Governability of Democracies to the Trilateral Commission, Michel Crozier, Samuel P. Huntington, Joji Watanuki (New York University Press, 1975), produced by the Trilateral Commission, an organization of liberal internationalists. The Carter administration was drawn almost entirely from their ranks. They were concerned with what they called “the crisis of democracy,” namely that there’s too much democracy. In the 1960s there were pressures from the population, these “special interests,” to try to gain rights within the political arena, and that put too much pressure on the state—you can’t do that. There was one special interest that they left out, namely the corporate sector, because its interests are the “national interest”; the corporate sector issupposed to control the state, so we don’t talk about them. But the “special interests” were causing problems and they said “we have to have more moderation in democracy,” the public has to go back to being passive and apathetic. And they were particularly concerned with schools and universities, which they said were not properly doing their job of “indoctrinating the young.” You can see from student activism (the civil rights movement, the anti-war movement, the feminist movement, the environmental movements) that the young are just not being indoctrinated properly.
Well how do you indoctrinate the young? There are a number of ways. One way is to burden them with hopelessly heavy tuition debt. Debt is a trap, especially student debt, which is enormous, far larger than credit card debt. It’s a trap for the rest of your life because the laws are designed so that you can’t get out of it. If a business, say, gets in too much debt it can declare bankruptcy, but individuals can almost never be relieved of student debt through bankruptcy. They can even garnish social security if you default. That’s a disciplinary technique. I don’t say that it was consciously introduced for the purpose, but it certainly has that effect. And it’s hard to argue that there’s any economic basis for it. Just take a look around the world: higher education is mostly free. In the countries with the highest education standards, let’s say Finland, which is at the top all the time, higher education is free. And in a rich, successful capitalist country like Germany, it’s free. In Mexico, a poor country, which has pretty decent education standards, considering the economic difficulties they face, it’s free. In fact, look at the United States: if you go back to the 1940s and 50s, higher education was pretty close to free. The GI Bill gave free education to vast numbers of people who would never have been able to go to college. It was very good for them and it was very good for the economy and the society; it was part of the reason for the high economic growth rate. Even in private colleges, education was pretty close to free. Take me: I went to college in 1945 at an Ivy League university, University of Pennsylvania, and tuition was $100. That would be maybe $800 in today’s dollars. And it was very easy to get a scholarship, so you could live at home, work, and go to school and it didn’t cost you anything. Now it’s outrageous. I have grandchildren in college, who have to pay for their tuition and work and it’s almost impossible. For the students that is a disciplinary technique.
And another technique of indoctrination is to cut back faculty-student contact: large classes, temporary teachers who are overburdened, who can barely survive on an adjunct salary. And since you don’t have any job security you can’t build up a career, you can’t move on and get more. These are all techniques of discipline, indoctrination, and control. And it’s very similar to what you’d expect in a factory, where factory workers have to be disciplined, to be obedient; they’re not supposed to play a role in, say, organizing production or determining how the workplace functions—that’s the job of management. This is now carried over to the universities. And I think it shouldn’t surprise anyone who has any experience in private enterprise, in industry; that’s the way they work.
On how higher education ought to be
First of all, we should put aside any idea that there was once a “golden age.” Things were different and in some ways better in the past, but far from perfect. The traditional universities were, for example, extremely hierarchical, with very little democratic participation in decision-making. One part of the activism of the 1960s was to try to democratize the universities, to bring in, say, student representatives to faculty committees, to bring in staff to participate. These efforts were carried forward under student initiatives, with some degree of success. Most universities now have some degree of student participation in faculty decisions. And I think those are the kinds of things we should be moving towards: a democratic institution, in which the people involved in the institution, whoever they may be (faculty, students, staff), participate in determining the nature of the institution and how it runs; and the same should go for a factory.
These are not radical ideas, I should say. They come straight out of classical liberalism. So if you read, for example, John Stuart Mill, a major figure in the classical liberal tradition, he took it for granted that workplaces ought to be managed and controlled by the people who work in them—that’s freedom and democracy (see, e.g., John Stuart Mill,Principles of Political Economy, book 4, ch. 7). We see the same ideas in the United States. Let’s say you go back to the Knights of Labor; one of their stated aims was “To establish co-operative institutions such as will tend to supersede the wage-system, by the introduction of a co-operative industrial system” (“Founding Ceremony” for newly-organized Local Associations). Or take someone like, John Dewey, a mainstream 20th-century social philosopher, who called not only for education directed at creative independence in schools, but also worker control in industry, what he called “industrial democracy.” He says that as long as the crucial institutions of the society (like production, commerce, transportation, media) are not under democratic control, then “politics [will be] the shadow cast on society by big business” (John Dewey, “The Need for a New Party” [1931]). This idea is almost elementary, it has deep roots in American history and in classical liberalism, it should be second nature to working people, and it should apply the same way to universities. There are some decisions in a university where you don’t want to have [democratic transparency because] you have to preserve student privacy, say, and there are various kinds of sensitive issues, but on much of the normal activity of the university, there is no reason why direct participation can’t be not only legitimate but helpful. In my department, for example, for 40 years we’ve had student representatives helpfully participating in department meetings.
On “shared governance” and worker control
The university is probably the social institution in our society that comes closest to democratic worker control. Within a department, for example, it’s pretty normal for at least the tenured faculty to be able to determine a substantial amount of what their work is like: what they’re going to teach, when they’re going to teach, what the curriculum will be. And most of the decisions about the actual work that the faculty is doing are pretty much under tenured faculty control. Now of course there is a higher level of administrators that you can’t overrule or control. The faculty can recommend somebody for tenure, let’s say, and be turned down by the deans, or the president, or even the trustees or legislators. It doesn’t happen all that often, but it can happen and it does. And that’s always a part of the background structure, which, although it always existed, was much less of a problem in the days when the administration was drawn from the faculty and in principle recallable. Under representative systems, you have to have someone doing administrative work but they should be recallable at some point under the authority of the people they administer. That’s less and less true. There are more and more professional administrators, layer after layer of them, with more and more positions being taken remote from the faculty controls. I mentioned before The Fall of the Faculty by Benjamin Ginsberg, which goes into a lot of detail as to how this works in the several universities he looks at closely: Johns Hopkins, Cornell, and a couple of others.
Meanwhile, the faculty are increasingly reduced to a category of temporary workers who are assured a precarious existence with no path to the tenure track. I have personal acquaintances who are effectively permanent lecturers; they’re not given real faculty status; they have to apply every year so that they can get appointed again. These things shouldn’t be allowed to happen. And in the case of adjuncts, it’s been institutionalized: they’re not permitted to be a part of the decision-making apparatus, and they’re excluded from job security, which merely amplifies the problem. I think staff ought to also be integrated into decision-making, since they’re also a part of the university. So there’s plenty to do, but I think we can easily understand why these tendencies are developing. They are all part of imposing a business model on just about every aspect of life. That’s the neoliberal ideology that most of the world has been living under for 40 years. It’s very harmful to people, and there has been resistance to it. And it’s worth noticing that two parts of the world, at least, have pretty much escaped from it, namely East Asia, where they never really accepted it, and South America in the past 15 years.
On the alleged need for “flexibility”
“Flexibility” is a term that’s very familiar to workers in industry. Part of what’s called “labor reform” is to make labor more “flexible,” make it easier to hire and fire people. That’s, again, a way to ensure maximization of profit and control. “Flexibility” is supposed to be a good thing, like “greater worker insecurity.” Putting aside industry where the same is true, in universities there’s no justification. So take a case where there’s under-enrollment somewhere. That’s not a big problem. One of my daughters teaches at a university; she just called me the other night and told me that her teaching load is being shifted because one of the courses that was being offered was under-enrolled. Okay, the world didn’t to an end, they just shifted around the teaching arrangements—you teach a different course, or an extra section, or something like that. People don’t have to be thrown out or be insecure because of the variation in the number of students enrolling in courses. There are all sorts of ways of adjusting for that variation. The idea that labor should meet the conditions of “flexibility” is just another standard technique of control and domination. Why not say that administrators should be thrown out if there’s nothing for them to do that semester, or trustees—what do they have to be there for? The situation is the same with top management in industry: if labor has to be flexible, how about management? Most of them are pretty useless or even harmful anyway, so let’s get rid of them. And you can go on like this. Just to take the news from the last couple of days, take, say, Jamie Dimon, the CEO of JP Morgan Chase bank: he just got a pretty substantial raise, almost double his salary, out of gratitude because he had saved the bank from criminal charges that would have sent the management to jail; he got away with only $20 billion in fines for criminal activities. Well I can imagine that getting rid of somebody like that might be helpful to the economy. But that’s not what people are talking about when they talk about “labor reform.” It’s the working people who have to suffer, and they have to suffer by insecurity, by not knowing where tomorrow’s piece of bread is going to come from, and therefore be disciplined and obedient and not raise questions or ask for their rights. That’s the way that tyrannical systems operate. And the business world is a tyrannical system. When it’s imposed on the universities, you find it reflects the same ideas. This shouldn’t be any secret.
On the purpose of education
These are debates that go back to the Enlightenment, when issues of higher education and mass education were really being raised, not just education for the clergy and aristocracy. And there were basically two models discussed in the 18th and 19th centuries. They were discussed with pretty evocative imagery. One image of education was that it should be like a vessel that is filled with, say, water. That’s what we call these days “teaching to test”: you pour water into the vessel and then the vessel returns the water. But it’s a pretty leaky vessel, as all of us who went through school experienced, since you could memorize something for an exam that you had no interest in to pass an exam and a week later you forgot what the course was about. The vessel model these days is called “no child left behind,” “teaching to test,” “race to top,” whatever the name may be, and similar things in universities. Enlightenment thinkers opposed that model.
The other model was described as laying out a string along which the student progresses in his or her own way under his or her own initiative, maybe moving the string, maybe deciding to go somewhere else, maybe raising questions. Laying out the string means imposing some degree of structure. So an educational program, whatever it may be, a course on physics or something, isn’t going to be just anything goes; it has a certain structure. But the goal of it is for the student to acquire the capacity to inquire, to create, to innovate, to challenge—that’s education. One world-famous physicist, in his freshman courses if he was asked “what are we going to cover this semester?”, his answer was “it doesn’t matter what we cover, it matters what you discover.” You have gain the capacity and the self-confidence for that matter to challenge and create and innovate, and that way you learn; that way you’ve internalized the material and you can go on. It’s not a matter of accumulating some fixed array of facts which then you can write down on a test and forget about tomorrow.
These are two quite distinct models of education. The Enlightenment ideal was the second one, and I think that’s the one that we ought to be striving towards. That’s what real education is, from kindergarten to graduate school. In fact there are programs of that kind for kindergarten, pretty good ones.
On the love of teaching
We certainly want people, both faculty and students, to be engaged in activity that’s satisfying, enjoyable, challenging, exciting—and I don’t really think that’s hard. Even young children are creative, inquisitive, they want to know things, they want to understand things, and unless that’s beaten out of your head it stays with you the rest of your life. If you have opportunities to pursue those commitments and concerns, it’s one of the most satisfying things in life. That’s true if you’re a research physicist, it’s true if you’re a carpenter; you’re trying to create something of value and deal with a difficult problem and solve it. I think that’s what makes work the kind of thing you want to do; you do it even if you don’t have to do it. In a reasonably functioning university, you find people working all the time because they love it; that’s what they want to do; they’re given the opportunity, they have the resources, they’re encouraged to be free and independent and creative—what’s better? That’s what they love to do. And that, again, can be done at any level.
It’s worth thinking about some of the imaginative and creative educational programs that are being developed at different levels. So, for example, somebody just described to me the other day a program they’re using in high schools, a science program where the students are asked an interesting question: “How can a mosquito fly in the rain?” That’s a hard question when you think about it. If something hit a human being with the force of a raindrop hitting a mosquito it would absolutely flatten them immediately. So how come the mosquito isn’t crushed instantly? And how can the mosquito keep flying? If you pursue that question—and it’s a pretty hard question—you get into questions of mathematics, physics, and biology, questions that are challenging enough that you want to find an answer to them.
That’s what education should be like at every level, all the way down to kindergarten, literally. There are kindergarten programs in which, say, each child is given a collection of little items: pebbles, shells, seeds, and things like that. Then the class is given the task of finding out which ones are the seeds. It begins with what they call a “scientific conference”: the kids talk to each other and they try to figure out which ones are seeds. And of course there’s some teacher guidance, but the idea is to have the children think it through. After a while, they try various experiments and they figure out which ones are the seeds. At that point, each child is given a magnifying glass and, with the teacher’s help, cracks a seed and looks inside and finds the embryo that makes the seed grow. These children learn something—really, not only something about seeds and what makes things grow; but also about how to discover. They’re learning the joy of discovery and creation, and that’s what carries you on independently, outside the classroom, outside the course.
The same goes for all education up through graduate school. In a reasonable graduate seminar, you don’t expect students to copy it down and repeat whatever you say; you expect them to tell you when you’re wrong or to come up with new ideas, to challenge, to pursue some direction that hadn’t been thought of before. That’s what real education is at every level, and that’s what ought to be encouraged. That ought to be the purpose of education. It’s not to pour information into somebody’s head which will then leak out but to enable them to become creative, independent people who can find excitement in discovery and creation and creativity at whatever level or in whatever domain their interests carry them.
On using corporate rhetoric against corporatization
This is kind of like asking how you should justify to the slave owner that people shouldn’t be slaves. You’re at a level of moral inquiry where it’s probably pretty hard to find answers. We are human beings with human rights. It’s good for the individual, it’s good for the society, it’s even good for the economy, in the narrow sense, if people are creative and independent and free. Everyone benefits if people are able to participate, to control their fate, to work with each other—that may not maximize profit and domination, but why should we take those to be values to be concerned about?
Advice for adjunct faculty organizing unions
You know better than I do what has to be done, the kind of problems you face. Just got ahead and do what has to be done. Don’t be intimidated, don’t be frightened, and recognize that the future can be in our hands if we’re willing to grasp it.


ZCommunications, 18 Millfield St., Wo


Three articles on contingent faculty recommended by

Karen Madison  2014



to me
http://www.propublica.org/article/how-exactly-do-colleges-allocate-their-financial-aid-they-wont-say

http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/02/25/some-colleges-consider-changes-adjunct-caps-wake-irs-guidance

http://eter.org/what-adjuncts-do/

AAUP POSITION ON CONTINGENT (PART TIME) FACULTY, GOOGLE SEARCH, March 1, 2014  (repeat the search for many more entries)

1.                              Contingent Faculty Positions | AAUP

www.aaup.org/issues/contingency‎
American Association of...
46 percent of all faculty are part-time, and non-tenure-track positions of all types account for 65 percent of all faculty appointments in American higher education.

2.                              Resources on Contingent Appointments | AAUP

www.aaup.org/.../contingent-faculty/resources...‎
American Association of...
Learn more by reading our resources on contingent appointments. ... Statement on the Affordable Care Act and Part-Time Faculty Positions. 2013. The Inclusion ...

3.                              Background Facts on Contingent Faculty | AAUP

www.aaup.org/.../contingency/background-fa...‎
American Association of...
To support themselves, part-time faculty often commute between institutions and ...Non-tenure-track positions of all types now account for 76 percent of all ...

4.                              Who Are the Part-Time Faculty? | AAUP

www.aaup.org/article/who-are-part-time-faculty‎
American Association of...
by J Monks - ‎Cited by 14 - ‎Related articles
Jan 23, 2014 - The use of contingent faculty in higher education in the United ... Only about half of part-time faculty report having another job that is full time.

AFT AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS POSITION ON CONTINGENT (PART TIME) FACULTY, GOOGLE SEARCH, March 1, 2014  (repeat the search for many more entries)

1.                              American Academic: A National Survey of Part-Time/Adjunct Faculty

https://www.aft.org/.../aa_partimefaculty031...‎
American Federation of T...
MARK JAMEs MILLER, Allan Hancock Part-Time Faculty Association. GREG MULCAHY ... 2010 American Federation of Teachers, afl-cio (AFT). Permission is.... contingent faculty and also to build a stronger corps of full-time tenured faculty in... their current part-time teaching position and those who would prefer a full-time.
2.                               [PDF]Reversing Course - American Federation of Teachersw.aft.org/pdfs/.../reversingcourse1008.pd...‎
American Federation of T...
higher education department of the American Federation of Teachers. Since 1985, JBL ... instructors. Particularly in the case of part-time/adjunct faculty members,contingent .... AFT Faculty and College Excellence Campaign (FACE), and explains how ... in part-time/adjunct or nontenure-track positions (Chart 1). Source: US ...

3.                              Academic Staffing Crisis - American Federation of Teachers

www.aft.org/issues/highered/acadstaffing.cfm‎
American Federation of T...
AFT - American Federation of Teachers ... This workforce includes part-time/adjunct faculty; full-time, nontenure-track faculty; and graduate employees. Together... of contingent faculty and to create more full-time, tenure-track faculty positions.


NEW BOOK ON CLASS AND PRIVILEGE IN US EDUCATION
Andrew Delbanco.   College: What It Was, and Should Be.  Rev. The Nation (May 21, 2012):  "...as Delbanco convincingly demonstrates, the college admissions process serves to reinforce the prerogatives of class and economic privilege rather than diminish them."


“Through the Looking Glass”
The Promotional University 2.0
Alison Hearn
In 2006, a group of students at Cornell University formed an “image
committee.” Spurred by the lack of “cool hats [and] hoodies” at a Cornell–
Yale football game, the committee’s goal was to exert pressure on administrators
to increase the university’s branding efforts and raise its standing in
the U.S. News and World Report rankings. Founder Peter Cohl expressed
the committee’s sentiment clearly: if the university’s reputation and ranking
drop, his “value as a human being feels like it’s dropping” (Finder 2006).
Meanwhile, north of the border in Canada, students at Trent University
were aggressively demonstrating against the implementation of a new, expensive
marketing campaign with the unfortunate slogan, “The world belongs
to those who understand it”; not only was the slogan presumptuous
and condescending, argued the students, but the campaign wasted precious
university resources at a time when tuition fees were rising rapidly (Swerdlyk
2005). These examples illustrate two very different responses to the now
firmly entrenched processes of university promotion, marketing, and branding
around the globe.
It was a scant 19 years ago, in 1991, that Andrew Wernick published his
groundbreaking volume, Promotional Culture: Advertising, Ideology and Symbolic Expression, which included a chapter on the rise of what he named “the promotional university.” In this chapter, Wernick (a professor of cultural studies at Trent University as it happens) noted the ways in which North American universities were increasingly “entrepreneurial, public relations oriented, and engrossed in the search for funds” (Wernick 1991: 156).
Certainly, Wernick was not alone in noting these developments, but he was
singularly prescient in recognizing the centrality of branding and promo
tion, not only to the university’s struggle for continued cultural relevance
and financial survival but to the development of postindustrial capitalism
itself. This chapter updates and builds upon Wernick’s exploration of the
promotional university. It will provide a brief historical overview of the paradoxical, yet generative, mission of the university in the West, and will examine the ways in which the contemporary context of advanced post-
Fordist, neoliberal, “branded” capitalism has intensified the processes of
promotionalism within universities identified by Wernick almost two decades
ago.  
The two examples described above illustrate that promotional activities
and practices, even as they are central features of post-Fordist capitalist culture,
can never completely contain or predict their effects; as they have
come to profoundly condition self-conception and cultural understanding in
some, they produce active and inventive resistance in others. This resistance
can, but does not always, feed back into promotional representations. Indeed,
this dynamic duality of containment and resistance resonates deeply
with the paradoxical mission of the university itself. The university has historically
been both a source of socially useful training and research in tune
to the outside forces of government and industry and a site for the production
of responsible, moral citizens, and social critique, which requires critical
distance from those same forces. There can be no doubt, however, that over
the last decade, one side of this dualism has become dominant while the
other has struggled for survival. What happens to this centuries-old dual,
and often paradoxical, mission of the university in an increasingly mediated,
technologized, and globalized world, where aggregated reputation, generated
by branding and promotion online and off, threatens to displace all
other forms of value?    MORE    http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/content/articles/events/nationbranding/participant-papers/Blowing-Up-The-Brand_-_Alison-Hearn.pdf





PUBLIC SCHOOLS

News update from Information Age Publishing

A Chronicle of Echoes

Who’s Who in the Implosion of American Public Education

By:
Mercedes K. Schneider

·  Buy Online at http://www.infoagepub.com/products/A-Chronicle-of-Echoes 
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Published 2014

"Corporate reform" is not reform at all. Instead, it is the systematic destruction of the foundational American institution of public education. The primary motivation behind this destruction is greed. Public education in America is worth almost a trillion dollars a year.

Whereas American public education is a democratic institution, its destruction is being choreographed by a few wealthy, well-positioned individuals and organizations. This book investigates and exposes the handful of people and institutions that are often working together to become the driving force behind destroying the community public school.
CONTENTS:
Acknowledgement: My Mentor, Diane Ravitch. Additional Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Joel Klein: The Man From Whom Nothing Good Comes. 2. Eva Moskowitz: Stage Mother of Charter School "Success." 3. Wendy Kopp, The Leader in Temp Agency Education: Teach for America (TFA). 4. Michelle Rhee: Sociopathy Finds a Home in Ed Reform. 5. Erik Hanushek: Expert Witness for “Less Doing More” in the Classroom. 6. The Chicago Connection: The Daley-Vallas Years. 7. The Chicago Connection: Duncan (with Obama in the Mix). 8. The Chicago Connection: Emanuel (with Obama Still in the Mix). 9. Paul Vallas Beyond Chicago: Wrecking Philadelphia. 10. Paul Vallas Beyond Chicago: No Good for New Orleans or Bridgeport. 11. David Coleman and His Common Core State Standards. 12. Chester Finn and Frederick Hess: Pushing Reforms “Just Because” 13. Jeb Bush and His Florida Miracle (Well, Most of It). 14. Jeb Bush and His Miracle Reforms (The Rest of It). 15. Jeb Bush’s Foundation for Excellence in Education and Chiefs for Change. 16. Michelle Rhee’s TNTP and StudentsFirst. 17. Democrats for Education Reform (DFER) and Education Reform Now (ERN). 18. National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), or So They Say. 19. Stand for Children (Crush Their Teachers). 20. Black Alliance for Education Options (BAEO) and Parent Revolution (PR). 21. Knowledge is Power Program (KIPP): What Money Cannot Seem to Do. 22. The Aspen and Pahara Institutes: Advancing Privatization in Fine Style. 23. The Big Three Foundations: Gates, Walton, and Broad. 24. The American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC): Manipulating the Nation State by State. Conclusion: Where to from Here? Endnotes.

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"Labor and 'Ed DeForm' : The Degradation of Teachers' Work Through Standardized Testing and the New York City Evaluation System" by John Antush, Monthly Review (June 2014).  [I could not acquire this online (will try again later), but here is perhaps a synopsis of the article.  –Dick]
Labor Vs. Education Deform with Betty Yu (Chair, Center for Media Justice), Kevin Prosen (MORE [Movement of Rank and File Educators]), John Antush (MORE), Jennifer Wager (Essex County College), Dan Clawson (Educators for a Democratic Union, UMass Amherst Sociology). At the heart of the corporate education reform movement — what many in education have come to call “ed deform” — is a Taylorist drive to control and degrade teachers’ labor. Organizing in schools as workplaces is therefore a centerpiece of fighting for an overhaul of the educational system in the interests of students, teachers and school communities.    http://monthlyreview.org/press/news/left-forum-2014/


PUBLIC SCHOOLS VS. VOUCHERS
ED DOERR, The Great School Voucher Fraud, online at arlinc.org.  Privatizers who would divert public funds to religious private schools through vouchers and/or tax credits.  Doerr includes 27 referendum defeats of vouchers or their variants spanning the years 1966 through 2012. Doerr is president of Americans for Religious Liberty.
See THE PROGRESSIVE’S WEBSITE, publicschoolshakedown.org, on threats to public education.


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Contents Education Newsletter #1, July 7, 2011
Giroux on Commercialization, Militarization of Higher Ed:
Radder on Commodification of Research
Diane Ravitch and Other: Responses to Waiting for “Superman” on Charter
     Schools:
Peace Education
11 Articles in Monthly Review
Stanley Fish for Kant and Against Corporatization 



END EDUCATION NEWSLETTER #2


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