OMNI
KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT 85th ANNIVERSARY NEWSLETTER, Kellogg-Briand Pact
in Paris , France , AUGUST 27, 1928. Compiled by Dick Bennett for a Culture of
Peace and Justice.
OMNI
NATIONAL/INTERNATIONALDAYS PROJECT
My blog:
War Department/Peace Department
War Department/Peace Department
Newsletters
Index:
Contents
Veterans for
Peace
Swanson, When the World Outlawed War
Google Search:
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Google Search:
Swanson, When the World Outlawed War
Illegality of War Recognized in Congress
The Minneapolis-St. Paul chapter of
Veterans For Peace was
acknowledged in the Congressional Record on Thursday April 18th by Congressman
Keith Ellison who acknowledged something else as well: the illegality of war.
Inspired by a book written by VFP associate-member David Swanson titled "When the World Outlawed War", Veterans For Peace and allies in the Twin Cities have been organizing efforts to commemorate the work of Frank B. Kellogg this coming August 27th. That will be the 85th anniversary of the signing of the Kellogg-Briand Pact in Paris, France -- a treaty that remains the supreme law of the land under Article VI of the U.S. Constitution and which bans war.
Inspired by a book written by VFP associate-member David Swanson titled "When the World Outlawed War", Veterans For Peace and allies in the Twin Cities have been organizing efforts to commemorate the work of Frank B. Kellogg this coming August 27th. That will be the 85th anniversary of the signing of the Kellogg-Briand Pact in Paris, France -- a treaty that remains the supreme law of the land under Article VI of the U.S. Constitution and which bans war.
1.
When the World Outlawed War by David Christopher
Naylor Swanson, 2011.
Rev. by Bruce Levine.
Featuring fresh takes
and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
HOT ON THE BLOG
Bruce E. Levine
GET UPDATES FROM BRUCE E.
LEVINE
31
When the World Outlawed War: David Swanson's
David
Swanson, since serving as press secretary in Dennis Kucinich's 2004
presidential campaign, has emerged as one of the leading anti-war activists in
the United States .
Swanson is not satisfied with just stopping current U.S. wars. In his previous book War is a Lie, Swanson made the case for the abolition
of war as an instrument of national policy, and his new book, When the World Outlawed War,
provides an historical example of just how powerful war abolitionism can be.
Although
polls today show that a large majority of U.S. citizens oppose recent and current U.S. wars and want
to cut military spending to reduce the federal deficit, few Americans are
engaged in anti-war activism. This political
passivity is due, in part, to Americans' sense of impotence at having any
impact on the U.S.
government, especially when it comes to the military-industrial complex. Many
of us feel powerless to stop the ever-increasing bombings, invasions, and
occupations of nations which pose no threat to us. [For another explanation see “From
Ohlendorf to Obama” by Nicolas J. S. Davies, Z Magazine (Sept. 2013) : US public silence results from plutocratic-corporate-military-Congressional-White
House-mainstream media-imperial-“inverted totalitarianism.” --Dick]
Anti-war
Americans have not always felt so defeatist. When the World Outlawed War tells the story of how the highly
energized peace movement in the 1920s, supported by an overwhelming majority of
U.S.
citizens from every level of society, was able to push politicians into
something quite remarkable -- the Kellogg-Briand Pact and the renunciation of
war as an instrument of national policy. The
1920s "War Outlawry" movement was so popular that most
politicians could not afford to oppose it.
The history of the 1920s that most
Americans are taught is restricted to excesses of the Roaring Twenties and the
failure of Prohibition. Few Americans are taught that in that decade there was
also a peace movement that mobilized millions of people to get the U.S. government
and the world's major powers to formally renounce war. This strong anti-war
movement was supported across the political spectrum, from international
isolationists to peace activists. Many Americans came to resent the
governmental manipulations that had convinced them World War I was a noble cause
when it was unnecessary and catastrophic in terms of casualties.
For "War Outlawrists," the
institution of war was an immorality like dueling and slavery, both of which
had once been considered legal and practiced but had been abolished. And so by
outlawing war, this would change an entire cultural perspective on another
immoral institution. They hoped, at the very least, to open the world's eyes to
war's status as an immoral institution and to stigmatize it.
The American Committee for the Outlawry
of War was the creation of Salmon Oliver Levinson, prominent Chicago attorney
and one of the prime movers for the Kellogg-Briand Pact. Levinson wrote: "The
principle underlying the outlawry of war is this: The law should always be on
the moral side of every question. But the law of nations has always been on the
wrong side of the war question." In December 1919, Levinson met with Republican Sen. William Borah of Idaho,
and Borah was excited by Levinson's plan for Outlawry of War.
Borah, in contemporary terms, was similar
to Congressman Ron Paul of Texas
in the area of foreign policy, though Borah had far more power. In 1917, Borah
had supported World War I, but he later said that his vote for World War I was
the one vote he regretted. At the time of Levinson's meeting with Borah in
1919, the Chair of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations was Republican
Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge. Lodge had promoted the Spanish American War as well as
World War I, and supported a massive build-up of the Navy. However, Lodge died
in 1924, at which point Borah became Chair of Foreign Relations. And Borah, who
had become a major opponent of imperialism and militarism, now had significant
power to influence national policy.
The
Kellogg-Briand Pact (named after Frank Kellogg, the U.S. Secretary of State and
Aristide Briand, the French foreign minister) was signed on Aug. 27, 1928 by
the United States and France, as well as world powers United Kingdom, Italy,
Japan, Germany, and by several other nations. In 1929, the Kellogg-Briand Pact was ratified by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 85 to 1, and it is
still on the books, as part of supreme law of the United States . The Kellogg-Briand Pact states:
The High
Contracting Parties solemly [sic] declare in the names of their respective
peoples that they condemn recourse to war for the solution of international
controversies, and renounce it, as an instrument of national policy in their
relations with one another.
The High Contracting Parties agree that
the settlement or solution of all disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or
of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them, shall never be
sought except by pacific means.
What good
did the Kellogg-Briand Pact do? Obviously, it failed to stop wars. A
common criticism of it is that it had no teeth, as it contained no sanctions
against nations that might breach its provisions. The Kellogg-Briand Pact did,
however, establish the practice of not recognizing territorial claims gained
through war.
Perhaps the most important legacy of
the War Outlawry movement is that it was a time in American history when people
were still confident that they could compel politicians to take popular
actions. Swanson points out:
They took a
popular demand to the government. They did not go to government officials of
one party or the other and ask, "What should we tell our members to ask
you to do?" That inversion of representative government has become the
norm, leading to public disillusionment with activist groups, labor unions, and
other organizations that purport to lobby public servants while actually
treating us as the servants of the public servants. That mindset is also
internalized by many U.S.
residents who believe their duty is to a party or a politician, rather than the
politicians' duty being to majority opinion.
If any one piece of American history
can re-energize the American people to again push their politicians, David
Swanson's meticulously documented When the World Outlawed War can do it.
Bruce E. Levine is a clinical psychologist the author of Get Up, Stand Up:
Uniting Populists, Energizing the Defeated, and Battling the Corporate Elite (Chelsea Green Publishing, 2011).
When the World
Outlawed War: An Interview with David Swanson
Nov 20, 2011 – David Swanson's recently released book, When the World
Outlawed War, tells the story of how the highly energized peace movement in
the ...
GOOGLE
SEARCH for KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT, AUGUST 27, 2013, Page One
out 172,000 results (0.27 seconds)
Search Results
1.
Kellogg–Briand Pact - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Kellogg–Briand Pact (or Pact of Paris,
officially General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National
Policy) was a 1928 international ...
2.
Kellogg-Briand Pact - Office of the Historian
The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to
outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928. Sometimes called the Pact of Paris for
the city in which it was signed, the ...
3.
News for Kellogg-Briand Treaty
kmmsam - 2 hours ago
As a Vietnam Vet, I had the opportunity to see war up
close and personal. I don't have to tell anyone that it's not something I'd
like to do again.
4.
Kellogg-Briand Pact - Legal Dictionary - The Free Dictionary
The Kellogg-Briand Pact, also known as the Pact
of Paris, was a treaty that attempted to outlaw war (46 Stat. 2343, T.S. No.
796, 94 L.N.T.S. 57). The treaty was ...
5.
The Avalon Project : Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
Treaty between the United States and other Powers
providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy.
Signed at Paris ,
August 27, 1928; ...
6.
Kellogg-Briand Pact (France-United States [1928]) -- Encyclopedia ...
(Aug.
27, 1928), multilateral agreement attempting to eliminate war as an instrument
of national policy. It was the most grandiose of a series of peacekeeping ...
7.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Kellogg–Briand Pact (also called the Pact of
Paris, formal name: General Treaty for the Renunciation of War) was signed on
August 27, 1928 by the United ...
8.
The Kellogg-Briand Pact - Non-Interventionism - Boundless
Learn
more about the kellogg-briand pact in the Boundless open
textbook. In 1928, the U.S. ,
Germany , and France signed
the Kellogg-Briand Pact, ...
Searches related to Kellogg-Briand
Treaty
GOOGLE SEARCH for SWANSON’S
BOOK, April 29, 2013, First Page
2.
When the World
Outlawed War: David Christopher Naylor Swanson ...
Rating: 5 - 3 reviews - $13.50 - In
stock
When the World Outlawed War [David Christopher Naylor Swanson] on Amazon.com. *FREE*
super saver shipping on qualifying offers. This is a masterful ...
3.
When the World
Outlawed War | Let's
Try Democracy - David Swanson
davidswanson.org/outlawry
By davidswanson - Posted on 31 October
2011. When the World Outlawed WarGraphic. Enter the Essay
Contest. This is a masterful account of how people in ...
4.
When the World
Outlawed War: An Interview with David Swanson ...
www.alternet.org/.../when_the_world_outlawed_war%3A_an_interview_...
Nov 21, 2011 – David Swanson's recently released book, When the World
Outlawed War, tells the story of how the highly energized peace movement in
the ...
5.
When the World
Outlawed War - David Swanson - Google Books
This is a masterful account of how
people in the United States
and around the worldworked to abolish war as a legitimate act of
state policy and won in 1928, ...
6.
When the World
Outlawed War | War Is
A Crime .org
A copy of When the World
Outlawed War by David Swanson will be donated to the
library of the winner's school. The WSFPC will also send the best Peace ...
7.
"When the World
outlawed War" David Swanson - Interview 1 ...www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HVSwqx1y7o
Nov 9, 2011 - Uploaded by GeneratorJun
Please see video responses. RT, Nov 9,
2011: "The Heritage Foundation was founded in 1973 and according ...
8.
More videos for David Swanson, When the World Outlawed War »When
the World Outlawed War by David
Swanson - Reviews ...www.goodreads.com/book/.../12991599-when-the-world-outlawed-warOct 19, 2011 – When the World
Outlawed War has 1 rating and 0 reviews. Swansonpresents a masterful
account of how people in the United
States and ...
No comments:
Post a Comment