OMNI
US IMPERIALISM:
CONTINENTAL AND SOUTHERN (and NORTHERN) EXPANSION, NEWSLETTER #3, September 28,
2016.
Compiled by Dick
Bennett for a Culture of Peace and Justice.
(#1 Jan. 12, 2013; #2,
September 13, 2013)
FROM
PLYMOUTH TO PACIFIC ISLANDS, FROM JAMESTOWN TO JEJU, FROM
FORTS TO LILY PADS: The Continuity of
Military Forts and Bases in the Expansion of the US Empire
What’s
at Stake: Noam Chomsky opens Who Rules the
World? (2006) with this generally accepted statement: “Among states, since the end of World War II
the United States has been by far the first among unequals, and remains so.” In a little over 400 years it has warred its
way through 12 million native Americans until fewer than a million survived by
the twentieth century, and kidnapped, enslaved, and tortured millions of AfrIcans,
and now commands the lands with over 800 military bases, the seas with 10
carrier-based strike forces, and the air with thousands of aircraft, hundreds
of them now bombing seven countries.
The selections of this collection illuminate moments of the first
hundreds of years when the United States of America consolidated during its
westward conquest of the continent, and began its extra-continental westward and
eastward movements toward global control.
Contents: US Imperialism, Continental Expansion, Ethnic
Cleansing, Genocide Newsletter
#3, September 28, 2013
#3, September 28, 2013
Films, Plymouth and Jamestown
Duval, Gulf Coast 18th Century
Tully, Ohio Valley Early 19th Century
Anderson, Texas 1820-75
Anderson, California 1846-73
Madley, California 1846-73
Anderson, Ethnic Cleansing of the Indians
Vine, From Continental Forts to Global Bases
Speth and Thompson, Dominion
PBS
FILMS, PLYMOUTH AND JAMESTOWN
The Pilgrims, Nov. 24, 2015
Bonus Video: Chapter 1
Bonus Video: The True Story of the First Thanksgiving
Timeline: The Pilgrims
Bonus Video: Overboard on the Mayflower
Teacher's Resources: Teacher's Guides
Further Reading: Related Books and Websites
Watch Online
The Pilgrims
“The challenges the Pilgrims faced in making new lives for themselves
still resonate almost 400 years later: the tensions of faith and freedom in
American society, the separation of Church and State, and cultural encounters
resulting from immigration.” [The latter
is a superb euphemism for settlers in other people’s land (the film glances at fierce
Powhatan resistance) that covers up the “American Experience” of their
offspring eventually committing genocide against Native Americans.] --Dick
About the Film
Preview
Download "The Pilgrims" on iTunes
Buy The Pilgrims on DVD
Death at Jamestown
PBS, “Jamestown’s Dark Winter”
“As they set sail from London to the distant
shores of America in December 1606, the men and boys onboard the Susan
Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery surely expected the best from their
adventure. They’d establish a British settlement, find gold and silver, a
passage to the Orient, and, perhaps, the lost colony of Roanoke. The explorers,
funded by a group of London entrepreneurs called the Virginia Company, could
not have anticipated the fate that actually awaited most of them: drought,
hunger, illness, and death [including Algonquin attacks].” This decimation was arrested when new
settlers arrived in 1609 and a fort was built, but they too suffered death,
illness, hunger. With the help of
Pocahontas, daughter of the Algonquin chief, Powhatan, Capt. John Smith
negotiated a temporary peace. Most of
the new settlers also died, but in 1612 tobacco and in 1619 slaves rescued
them. That neither the British nor the
Algonquins imagined the future awaiting their descendants we might expect,
unless the Natives included a visionary thinker capable of understanding the
long-range implications of their immediate resistance.
Penguin Random House
Independence
Lost: LIVES ON THE EDGE OF THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION. By KATHLEEN
DUVAL . 2015.
Look Inside | Enlarge Cover
Publisher’s Description:
A rising-star historian offers a significant new global
perspective on the Revolutionary War with the story of the conflict as
seen through the eyes of the outsiders of colonial society
Over the last decade, award-winning historian Kathleen DuVal has
revitalized the study of early America’s marginalized voices. Now, in Independence Lost, she recounts an
untold story as rich and significant as that of the Founding Fathers: the history
of the Revolutionary Era as experienced by slaves, American Indians, women, and British
loyalists living on Florida’s Gulf Coast.
While citizens of the thirteen rebelling colonies came to blows
with the British Empire over tariffs and parliamentary representation, the
situation on the rest of the continent was even more fraught. In the Gulf of
Mexico, Spanish forces clashed with Britain’s strained army to carve up the Gulf
Coast, as both sides competed for allegiances with the powerful Chickasaw,
Choctaw, and Creek nations who inhabited the region. Meanwhile, African
American slaves had little control over their own lives, but some individuals
found opportunities to expand their freedoms during the war.
Independence
Lost reveals that individual motives counted as much as the ideals of
liberty and freedom the Founders espoused: Independence had a personal as well
as national meaning, and the choices made by people living outside the colonies
were of critical importance to the war’s outcome. DuVal introduces us to the
Mobile slave Petit Jean, who organized militias to fight the British at sea;
the Chickasaw diplomat Payamataha, who worked to keep his people out of war;
New Orleans merchant Oliver Pollock and his wife, Margaret O’Brien Pollock, who
risked their own wealth to organize funds and garner Spanish support for the
American Revolution; the half-Scottish-Creek leader Alexander McGillivray, who
fought to protect indigenous interests from European imperial encroachment; the
Cajun refugee Amand Broussard, who spent a lifetime in conflict with the
British; and Scottish loyalists James and Isabella Bruce, whose work on behalf
of the British Empire placed them in grave danger. Their lives illuminate the
fateful events that took place along the Gulf of Mexico and, in the process,
changed the history of North America itself.
Adding new depth and moral complexity, Kathleen DuVal
reinvigorates the story of the American Revolution. Independence Lost is a bold work that fully establishes the
reputation of a historian who is already regarded as one of her generation’s
best. http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/199754/independence-lost-by-kathleen-duval/
The book might be entitled Independence Lost: US Continental Expansion
to the Gulf Coast. The settlers who
overthrew the British empire’s restraints on their expansion, when they became
the USA moved not only westward but also southward against more British there,
and Spanish and French settlements and forces, and the many Native
nations—Chickasaw, Creek, Seminoles, and others. And so it goes to the Pacific. From
the Introduction: “Ultimately, the
independence of the United States was built on refusing to share the continent
with empires or with sovereign Indians” (xxiv).
From the Conclusion: “The United
States would be a new kind of empire, one that rejected imperial hierarchies of
reciprocal dependences and instead defined and advanced its own independence
through exclusivist citizenship and military might” (344). –Dick
Crooked Deals and Broken Treaties: How American Indians were
Displaced by White Settlers in the Cuyahoga Valley by John Tully. MONTHLY REVIEW, 2015.
Long before the smokestacks
and factories of industrial Akron rose from Ohio’s Cuyahoga Valley, the region
was a place of tense confrontation. Beginning in the early 19th-century, white
settlers began pushing in from the east, lured by the promise of cheap (or
free) land. They inevitably came into conflict with the current inhabitants,
American Indians who had thrived in the valley for generations or had already
been displaced by settlement along the eastern seaboard. Here, on what was once
the western fringe of the United States, the story of the country’s founding
and development played out in all its ignominy and drama, as American Indians
lost their land, and often their lives, while white settlers expanded a nation.
Historian and novelist John
Tully draws on contemporary accounts and a wealth of studies to produce this
elegiac history of the Cuyahoga Valley. He pays special attention to how
settlers’ notions of private property—and the impulse to own and develop the
land—clashed with more collective social organizations of American Indians. He
also documents the ecological cost of settlement, long before heavy industry
laid waste to the region. Crooked Deals
and Broken Treaties is an impassioned accounting of the cost of “progress,”
and an insistent reminder of the
barbarism and deceit that fueled the rise of the United States.
Praise for Crooked
Deals and Broken Treaties:
Author John Tully masterfully achieves a
well-researched, in-depth case study of one site of United States’ settler colonialism, in the Cuyahoga Valley region,
which gave birth to the settler city of Akron, Ohio. The violence and ethnic
cleansing involved in this early 19th century colonial project previewed the
later ethnic cleansing of Native nations and communities from all the territory
east of the Mississippi River. This work is a model for detailed local studies
of United States settler-colonialism. —Roxanne
Dunbar-Ortiz, author, An Indigenous
Peoples’ History of the United States
John Tully is Honorary Professor, College of
Arts, Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia. He is the author of several
works of history, including Silvertown:
The Lost Story of a Strike that Shook London and Helped Launch the Modern Labor
Movement and The Devil’s Milk: A
Social History of Rubber, as well as three novels.
Middle 19th
Century: Texas
https://networks.h-net.org/.../anderson-anderson-conquest-texas-ethnic-cl...
Gary
Clayton Anderson. The
Conquest of Texas: Ethnic
Cleansing in
the Promised Land, 1820-1875. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2005. 494pp. (What we call war crimes today. –Dick)
An American Genocide:
The United States and the
California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873 by Benjamin
Madley. Yale UP, 2016.
·
Buy
May
24, 2016
712 pages, .
712 pages, .
The first
full account of the government-sanctioned genocide of California Indians under
United States rule
Between 1846 and 1873, California’s Indian population plunged from perhaps 150,000 to 30,000. Benjamin Madley is the first historian to uncover the full extent of the slaughter, the involvement of state and federal officials, the taxpayer dollars that supported the violence, indigenous resistance, who did the killing, and why the killings ended. This deeply researched book is a comprehensive and chilling history of an American genocide.
Madley describes pre-contact California and precursors to the genocide before explaining how the Gold Rush stirred vigilante violence against California Indians. He narrates the rise of a state-sanctioned killing machine and the broad societal, judicial, and political support for genocide. Many participated: vigilantes, volunteer state militiamen, U.S. Army soldiers, U.S. congressmen, California governors, and others. The state and federal governments spent at least $1,700,000 on campaigns against California Indians. Besides evaluating government officials’ culpability, Madley considers why the slaughter constituted genocide and how other possible genocides within and beyond the Americas might be investigated using the methods presented in this groundbreaking book.
Between 1846 and 1873, California’s Indian population plunged from perhaps 150,000 to 30,000. Benjamin Madley is the first historian to uncover the full extent of the slaughter, the involvement of state and federal officials, the taxpayer dollars that supported the violence, indigenous resistance, who did the killing, and why the killings ended. This deeply researched book is a comprehensive and chilling history of an American genocide.
Madley describes pre-contact California and precursors to the genocide before explaining how the Gold Rush stirred vigilante violence against California Indians. He narrates the rise of a state-sanctioned killing machine and the broad societal, judicial, and political support for genocide. Many participated: vigilantes, volunteer state militiamen, U.S. Army soldiers, U.S. congressmen, California governors, and others. The state and federal governments spent at least $1,700,000 on campaigns against California Indians. Besides evaluating government officials’ culpability, Madley considers why the slaughter constituted genocide and how other possible genocides within and beyond the Americas might be investigated using the methods presented in this groundbreaking book.
Benjamin
Madley is assistant professor of history, University of
California, Los Angeles, where he focuses on Native America, the United States,
and genocide in world history. He lives in Los Angeles, CA.
See
rev. by Richard White, “Rather a Hell Than a Home.” The
Nation (Sept. 12-19), 2016. Madley’s An American Genocide is a careful, comprehensive demonstration of
genocide by California’s elected officials and their associates, “funded and
enabled by the federal government.”
Together they created a “killing machine” over several decades. –Dick
Ethnic Cleansing and the
Indian: The Crime That Should Haunt America by Gary Clayton
Anderson
Volume 9 | 2015
Time, Movement, and Space: Genocide Studies and Indigenous Peoples Issue 2 |
Article 14 Book Review: Ethnic Cleansing and the Indian: the Crime that Should
Haunt America Mark Meuwese University of Winnipeg Abstract. This critical
review examines the recent monograph by Gary C. Anderson, Ethnic Cleansing and the Indian. Although Anderson's work gives a comprehensive overview of
how Native Americans were forced from their homelands by European and American
settler-expansion, the author's analysis is weakened by his refusal to consider
that many of the Indigenous groups may have experienced this process as
genocide.
Also rev. John Mack Faragher, Pacific
Historical Review
Vol. 84 No. 4, November 2015. (pp. 538-539)
Vol. 84 No. 4, November 2015. (pp. 538-539)
Ethnic Cleansing and
the Indian by Gary Anderson, Google Search
https://www.amazon.com/Ethnic-Cleansing.../0806151...
Amazon.com,
Inc.
Editorial Reviews. Review.
"Gary Clayton Anderson has uttered the words that most American historians have,
for a variety of reasons, been unwilling to use.
[PDF]Ethnic Cleansing
and the Indian: the Crime that ... - Scholar Commonsscholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1329&context...
by M Meuwese - 2015 - Related articles
This critical review
examines the recent monograph by Gary C. Anderson, Ethnic Cleansing and the. Indian.
Although Anderson's work gives a comprehensive ...
www.goodreads.com
› History › American History
Goodreads
Rating: 3.3 - 12 votes
According to historian
Gary Clayton Anderson, however, the United States has its own legacy of ethnic cleansing, and it involves American
Indians. In Ethnic ...
phr.ucpress.edu/content/84/4/538
by JM Faragher - 2015
Review: Ethnic Cleansing and the Indian: The
Crime That Should Haunt America by Gary Clayton Anderson. John Mack Faragher.
Pacific Historical Review Vol.
ahr.oxfordjournals.org
› ... › The American Historical Review
by A Alvarez - 2015
The term “ethnic cleansing” first came into
widespread usage during the violence in Bosnia-Herzegovina in the early 1990s.
As the former Yugoslavia collapsed ...
jah.oxfordjournals.org
› ... › Journal of American History
Building on his Conquest
of Texas (2005), Gary Clayton Anderson applies the “ethnic cleansing” test to the history of Indian-white relations in the United
States.
https://settlercolonialstudies.org/.../again-on-genocide-versus-ethnic-clea...
Aug 14, 2016 - Again on genocide
versus ethnic
cleansing:
Gary Clayton Anderson, 'The Native Peoples of the American West: Genocide or Ethnic Cleansing ...
indiancountrytodaymedianetwork....
Indian
Country Today Media Network
Jun 13, 2014 - A new book by Gary Anderson, Ethnic Cleansing and the Indian, is
bound to attract attention as a "pro-Indian" book. The subtitle,
"The Crime ...
www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2201473X.2015.1015929
by CP Kakel III - 2016 - Related articles
Ethnic cleansing and the
Indian: the crime that should haunt America, ... The two books under review,
Gary Clayton Anderson's Ethnic Cleansing and the Indian ...
|
David
Vine in Base Nation: How U.S. Military
Bases Abroad Harm America and the World (2015).
From Jamestown to Jeju Island the continuity of building “frontier forts”
for US domination. Vine discusses
the history of U.S. military displacement of indigenous groups to create bases.
“During the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries, bases in North America assisted in the displacement of millions of
Native American peoples” (72). He
exposes the several euphemisms for imperial conquest through bases (“forward
operating sites”), including the “lily pads” of “self-contained outposts
strategically located’ around the world.”
But the “conservative American Enterprise Institute” understands the
goal of the United States has been “’to create a worldwide network of frontier
forts,’ with the U.S. military ‘the ‘global cavalry’ of the twenty-first
century’” (57). --Dick
See
OMNI newsletters on US Westward and Eastward Imperialism (now merged into US
Imperialism: Encircling China and
Russia).
James
Gustave Speth and J. Phillip Thompson III.
“Powered by Radical Roots.” The Nation (May 9/16, 2016). The arrogant European settlers’ “attitude of control
and dominion over ‘soulless’ matter and animals, including ‘inferior’
nonwhites, is an evil embedded deeply in the culture” and “haunts and weakens
our democracy.” MLKJR recognized it and died
opposing it. Indigenous philosophies
teach the intertwining of all life, such as the Iroquois Confederacy 1977
statement, “Basic Call to Consciousness: Address to the Western World.” We must overcome “our tragic legacy of
subordinating nature to humans and humans to other humans.”
Contents CONTINENTAL WESTWARD
(and SOUTH AND NORTH) EXPANSION #1
CONTINENTAL
Stannard, Holocaust
Churchill, Genocide
Anderson, French and Indian War
Gwynne, Fall of the Comanches
EXPANDING OUTWARD SOUTH AND NORTH
LaFeber, Economic Expansion
McCoy and Scarano, Expansion South and West
Sprague, Haiti
Gabriel, Arctic
Contents Continental
Westward Expansion (and South and North) #2
http://jamesrichardbennett.blogspot.com/2014/09/us-continental-imperialism-newsletter-2.html
Dick, Charles Mann, Decimation of Indian Population, Westward
Movement
Baker’s Review
of Charles Mann, 1491 (2011).
Latin
America: Dix and Fitzpatrick , Nicaragua
NORTH AMERICA
North American
Indian Genocide: Google Search
Elizabeth Fenn, the Mandans
Hatch, Osceola and the Great Seminole War (2012)
Rutkow, American Canopy, History of US Forests
US Art for
Empire: Art Glorifying Westward Conquest of Manifest Destiny:
Emanuel Leutze
Emanuel Leutze
Richard White,
Railroads
From the
Continent to the Pacific: Japanese-Americans
Interned During WWII,
One Consequence (see US Imperialism Pacific/E. Asia Newsletters)
One Consequence (see US Imperialism Pacific/E. Asia Newsletters)
Winona La
Duke’s Native Struggles for Land and
Life, Reviewed by Mokhiber
and Weissman, “Somebody Else’s Land.”
and Weissman, “Somebody Else’s Land.”
Vacy Vlazna, Australian
and Israeli Genocidal Parallels
(Also: Go to US Imperialism
Pacific/E. Asia Westward Movement, Encircling China Newsletter, http://omnicenter.org/newsletter-archive/,
#1 May 8, 2012; #2 August 22, 2012; #3 Nov. 25, 2012; #4 Jan. 12, 2013; #5
March 27, 2013; #6 July 5, 2013; #7 August 12, 2013; #8 Nov. 8, 2013; #9 Jan.
2, 2014; #10 Feb. 3, 2014; #11 Feb. 26, 2014; #12 April 21, 2014; #13, June 26,
2014).
END US IMPERIALISM CONTINENTAL WESTWARD NEWSLETTER #3
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